WHAT IS GENITAL WART?
Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and commonly appear in the genital area. They affect approximately 1-2% of individuals aged 15-49. HPV has over 100 types, about half of which can cause genital warts. The incubation period of the disease can range from weeks to years.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF GENITAL WARTS?
Genital warts typically start as small, skin-colored, red, or brown bumps in the anal (rectal) area and are more commonly seen on the labia minora in women due to the warm and moist environment. If the area is excessively moist, they may appear whitish. They gradually grow and develop a cauliflower-like appearance.
HOW DOES GENITAL WART SPREAD?
It is a sexually transmitted disease, but transmission can occur through skin-to-skin contact, so it can spread even without complete sexual intercourse.
If there are conditions such as eczema or prolonged vaginal discharge around the genital area or anus, the disease can be more easily transmitted.
HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?
Genital wart diagnosis is typically made through a clinical examination by doctors. Sometimes, a skin biopsy may be necessary for differential diagnosis.
HOW IS IT TREATED?
There are treatment options available for the disease that the patient can apply at home or that the doctor can administer in the clinic. These treatments can be long-term. Treatment selection will depend of the warts location, number, size, etc.
IS FOLLOW-UP REQUIRED AFTER TREATMENT?
While some warts may disappear, new warts may appear in nearby areas. Therefore, periodic examination of the genital area is necessary.
Even after complete treatment, there is still a possibility of genital warts recurring. Women should undergo regular smear tests due to the risk of cervical cancer.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS IF I HAVE GENITAL WARTS?
Some of the viruses that cause genital warts (HPV types 16, 18) can also cause cervical cancer.
Wounds may progress more severely and respond less well to treatment in individuals with immune system problems, and they are at higher risk of recurrence.
HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF FROM GENITAL WARTS?
The most reliable way to prevent is to abstain from sexual intercourse or have a monogamous relationship with a partner known not to be infected.
Proper and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of genital warts. However, genital warts can still occur in areas not covered by condoms.
Washing the genital area after sexual intercourse, urination, or using antiseptics does not provide protection against this disease.
VACCINATION AGAINST GENITAL WARTS:
It is recommended to administer 3 doses of HPV to girls aged 11-12.
All girls or women aged 13-26 who have not been vaccinated before or have not completed the vaccine series should be vaccinated.
Patients infected with one type of virus may benefit from protection against other virus types in the vaccine. Therefore, patients with genital warts should also receive the vaccine.
Protect yourself and your partner:
If you have genital warts, inform your partner as soon as possible and ensure they get evaluated by a doctor.
If your partner is receiving treatment for genital warts, make sure you also see a doctor.
Avoid sexual intercourse while you or your partner have symptoms.
If you have genital warts, you should also be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases. Inform your partners about this situation.
