WHAT IS ACTINIC KERATOSIS?
Actinic keratosis refers to skin changes reflecting abnormal cell development due to prolonged and uncontrolled exposure to sunlight, predominantly occurring in sun-exposed areas of the skin.
WHERE DOES ACTINIC KERATOSIS OCCUR?
Actinic keratoses primarily appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, backs of hands, arms, particularly the lower legs below the knees, and on the scalp of balding men.
WHAT DOES ACTINIC KERATOSIS LOOK LIKE?
Actinic keratoses often go unnoticed as they typically don’t cause any symptoms. They may appear as red-pink or skin-colored, rough-textured, occasionally scaly, and sometimes as tiny sores; when touched, they may feel rough like sandpaper.
They are usually numerous. Initially, actinic keratoses may resemble spots, making them difficult to see, but when touched, they impart a sensation like “sandpaper.” When present on the lips, they are termed “actinic cheilitis.” They are characterized by chronic dryness, tightness, and cracks on the lips.
HOW IS ACTINIC KERATOSIS DIAGNOSED?
Your dermatologist can diagnose actinic keratosis by visual examination and palpation. They may also confirm the diagnosis through dermatoscopic examination.
HOW IS ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATED?
The cornerstone of actinic keratosis treatment is sun protection. Along with sun protection, other treatment options may include:
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the area with liquid nitrogen to destroy the actinic keratosis.
- Curettage: Surgical removal of actinic keratosis using a curette. Healthy tissue regenerates from below.
- Surgical Treatment: Depending on the size and appearance of actinic keratosis, surgical interventions may be applied.
- Cream Treatments: These are the most preferred treatments for actinic keratosis. Depending on the patient’s condition, options may include diclofenac gel, imiquimod cream, or creams containing 5-fluorouracil.
- Laser Therapy: Removing the surface layer of the skin with lasers to treat the area affected by actinic keratosis; the treated area typically heals within 1-2 weeks.
HOW CAN I PREVENT ACTINIC KERATOSIS FROM DEVELOPING?
- Sun protection is paramount. Use sunscreen, appropriate hats, and sunglasses; avoid going out during the midday when sunlight is strongest.
- Avoid artificial sources of sunlight such as tanning beds.
- Perform self-examinations of your skin and consult your dermatologist in case of any suspicious conditions.
